Liquid, Solids, and Solutions
The forces that hold together solids and liquids, the condensed states of matter, are similar. The effect of these forces on properties such as surface tension and vapor pressure will be reviewed. The bonding models, structure, and properties of liquids and solids will be discussed. Changes in state from solid to liquid to gas will also be considered. We will also consider properties of solutions such as solution composition, factors affecting solubility, and colligative properties (freezing point depression, boiling point elevation, and osmotic pressure).
You should be able to do the following upon completion of the unit:
You should be able to do the following upon completion of the unit:
- Explain how intermolecular forces such as surface tension, capillary action, viscosity, vapor pressure, and boiling point affect the properties of liquids.
- Rank a substance in order of increasing/decreasing properties such as boiling points.
- Understand the different types of solids and know examples of each.
- Know characteristic points of heating curves and phase diagrams.
- Perform calculations with different solution concentrations such as molarity, mass percent, molality, and mole fraction.
- Discuss effects of temperature, pressure, and structure on solubility.
- Understand colligative properties such as boiling point elevation, freezing point depression, and vapor pressure lowering.
- Use colligative properties to determine the molar mass of a solute. (1)
Class Handouts:
Unit Notes
Unit in class problems
Reference chart of types of solids
Zumdahl Notes:
Chapter 10 Liquids & Solids
Chapter 11 Solutions
Freezing Point Depression of cylcohexane
1. Fast Track to a Five: Preparing for the AP* Chemistry Examination